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Solar thermal for residential

  • 1.  Solar thermal for residential

    Posted 12-29-2024 10:17 AM

    I am very interested in installing a solar thermal heating system at my residence and am looking for installers.

    a neighbor is still operating a water furnace that was installed almost 20 years ago. The company that did the work is no longer in business.

    i would like to merge solar thermal with a heat pump option for cooling in the summer. I live in the Chicago metro area.

    any thoughts, options, suggestions or advise?



    ------------------------------
    Leigh Dionne
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 12-29-2024 05:08 PM

    Hi Leigh

    Did some research about your area and came up with this company

    SOLARWERKS  

    3433 Pontiac Ave, Chicago, IL 60634, USA

    (773) 788-4055

    They seem to have a large array of services and products so should be able to help

    Web Site : 

    SOLARWERKS



    ------------------------------
    Timothy Mcbride
    CEOOwner
    Sol-Era R & D
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 12-30-2024 12:50 PM

    Thank you so much for helping out Leigh, Timothy!



    ------------------------------
    Ella Nielsen
    Membership & Engagement Director
    American Solar Energy Society
    Boulder CO
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 12-30-2024 11:21 AM

    Leigh,

         Just wondering why you want an active solar thermal system rather than passive, which tends to be less expensive. ( Lack of solar access at ground level is one possible reason. Adding thermal mass in an existing house can also be difficult.) Do you already have a boiler and water-based baseboard heaters for distribution? An air-source heat pump typically uses air ducts for distribution, Lots of possibilities, each with advantages and disadvantages...



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Posted 01-01-2025 08:29 AM
    Leigh,
    Here are my thoughts as a homeowner that has just decommissioned my solar thermal space heating system after 10 years of use.
    My experience shows that with today’s technology a person is better off installing an air source heat pump and a PV array to power it.
    Solar thermal space heating systems have a few inherent challenges.
    1) Initial installation costs are high for a quality system.
    2) What do you do with a solar heating system during the summer months?
    It takes a twice a year system switch over, which takes time, effort and money.
    3) Hot pressurized circulating fluid has maintenance requirements, especially as
    systems age.
    As Kieth suggested, I too recommend you invest your efforts and money in an air source heat pump (maybe a mini-split) with a PV array.
    This setup uses the latest technology, is simpler and can heat AND cool your living space.

    Good Luck & Happy New Year,
    Steve

    Steve Kawell
    Keller Williams Realty Southwest Associates
    (970)769-3904
    stevekawell@kw.com




  • 6.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 01-01-2025 11:15 PM

    Well, actually, I am not recommending anything without knowing more about your house. There are so many possibilities, including active solar, PV and heat pumps. 

    For context, I live in a house that is almost entirely heated by passive solar and entirely cooled by nighttime ventilation. No active solar heating system and no heat pump. The keys are super-insulation, thermal mass, operable windows for cooling, and just the right amount of solar gains. Such a house is possible in Chicago also, but it needs to be carefully engineered to match the occupants expectations of thermal comfort.



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Posted 01-02-2025 12:01 PM
    Keith, you have offered the best advice thus far.  Recommendations cannot be offered until more is known about the existing structure / site / mechanical systems.  May I suggest that we include this topic and this specific residence in the Tuesday ASES webinar.  30 minutes of group Q&A could be very valuable to Leigh. 

    Dennis Garde, AIA, LEED AP
    Turkey mobile +90.536.910.15.69
    US mobile: +1.847.624.1983 (What's App)
    405 Stuart Court, Savannah, GA 31405
    Formerly with US State Department
    google: +1.312.772.3720
    Have Experience - Will Travel







  • 8.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Posted 01-02-2025 06:30 PM

     Thank you everyone for expressing your opinions.

    It is very difficult to assess whether thermal or the volt gobbling forced air heat pump would be the best choice in my situation. Since I cannot get an install price.

    It seems that many of the postings have been made by solar voltaic panel installers who do not deal in solar thermal.

    I do have a pool that I would like to heat in the spring and fall and given that I do live in the Chicago metro area perhaps during much of the summer season. I am also planning a greenhouse addition to the back of my attached garage. So yes, I may just have many other "off season" uses for the system.

    You may be interested to learn that solar thermal can be used, in larger applications to run turbines to generate electricity. So there is a future in solar thermal. The road not taken?

    I have always preferred radiant heat since it heats the thermal mass of the building not air and am considering replacing my entire system. I have Asthma and forced air heat and air conditioning do not work well with my condition.

    My home was built in 1996. It is a 2 story approx 1900 sq ft with a two car attached garage.

    The back of the house faces south. The front is brick, side and rear are vinyl sided. The roof is two years old. Asphalt shingles.

    The insulation met code for that time and we all know what that means. We have almost finished replacing the windows.

    I have a pool that I may or may not remove, it needs a new liner. The greenhouse is a big priority for me.

    The property is very deep but narrow. There is room for geothermal, I wanted it put in when the house was built but was shot down by just about everyone. Because gas was cheap. There is not good access to do it now and I don't really want my entire yard torn up.

    I may add solar voltaic panels in the future but am pretty set on starting off with a Stiebel Eltron Solar Thermal hot water system. I am not interested in a heat pump water heater. The current gas heater is located in the basement level AKA workout room/man cave. Freezing while working out is not an option.

    There is no guarantee that the 30% tax credit will survive beyond the next year so might as well get while the getting is good … or good as 30%.

    So arrange your dude circle and get cracking boys. I will be interesting to see what you come up with.



    ------------------------------
    Leigh Dionne
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-02-2025 08:02 PM

    Your post is giving me severe Dejavoo...lol...

    Swimming pool solar heating only needs very inexpensive collectors (Unglazed), IF A  seasonal pool. That said, if you had a large solar thermal space heating system, a pool makes a good place to dump the excess in Summer. Geothermal systems can be horizontal or vertical (Well). The latter is less ground destructive then the former, but usually more money depending.

    Your desires pretty much "tap" every form of solar and efficiency, from Passive to active solar thermal to PV and high efficiency HP. 

    Ultimately it comes down to how you want to do it and the inherent flexibility contained in each. I can tell you that there is NOT ONLY one right way to do all this. As the old saying goes, many ways to skin a cat.

    A ton of variables....



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 01-03-2025 10:38 AM

    Passive and active solar are capable of reducing your energy use more than a heat pump, which uses a lot of electricity as you recognize. Heat pump water heaters are not appropriate for Chicago, because they draw heat from the space they are in, and cause the space heating system to work harder. Sounds like you understand that, too.

    Radiant heat is a good choice, since it also increases thermal mass if you use the typical plastic pipe in floor slab construction. I would also recommend an ERV with HEPA filters for your asthma. 

    For most houses, and particularly for your older house, a "fabric first" approach is advisable. This makes the heating and cooling system smaller and more economical, regardless of whether it is passive or active solar or a conventional mechanical system. Slapping a big heating and cooling system on an energy pig of a building is not a good idea in the long run. Fabric first includes adding insulation, improving windows and air-sealing. Vinyl being relatively cheap, you could add insulation on the outside of three sides of your house. You may want to leave the brick and insulate on the inside on the north. 

    If you want to completely ditch the heat pump, you should be thinking about 12" or more of added wall insulation and 24" or more of added ceiling insulation. Chicago is warmer than my location, so you may need less than I used for my house (16" walls, 36" ceilings). The exact amounts should be selected based on dynamic simulations (WUFI Plus, BEOpt, or my FREE HEAT program, not PHPP). My recent GreenHome Institute webinar talks about the design process:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KHScgjTJtE  Note that using AMY, rather than TMY, weather data is essential to getting reliable predictions for an entirely ambient-conditioned house, whether by passive or active solar.

    PHIUS is headquartered in Chicago, so there should be several local builders who can do the work. Larsen trusses filled with cellulose may make sense for the walls. If you have roof trusses, they will need to be raised or replaced to get the heel height high enough. Adding insulation on top of the current roof is another option, though not if the attic is vented.

    Insulation under the floor is a potential issue. If you currently have an uninsulated slab on the first floor, then that is going to be difficult. A crawl space can be modified to an insulated slab, but is also a major project. You will likely need more thermal mass than just floor slabs.

    Your new windows may or may not be sufficient to get to 100% ambient conditioning. Windows are usually the weak link in a super-insulated building. Triple pane windows are only up to R7 and quadruple pane R11, compared to insulated walls and ceilings that can have R values ten times higher. The south-facing windows should be high SHGC and should be 5-10% of the floor area, subject to design by simulation.

    Important to deciding the heating and cooling system is your expectations for indoor temperature. We are OK with 65-80 F in our house. We wear sweaters indoors in the winter and light a fire in the fireplace occasionally. In summer, it's T-shirts and bare feet. If you require, say, 70-75 F, 100% ambient conditioning is still possible, but will take more thermal mass. If 71 is too cold and 73 is too hot, then you may need to stick with an active system, but super-insulation still helps to reduce cold/hot and drafty spots around the house.

    Indeed, a ton of variables... My Solar Today article summarizes six homes that are more or less 100% with very different approaches: https://solartoday.mydigitalpublication.com/archive/?m=23867&i=803714&p=34&ver=html5



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 01-03-2025 01:13 PM
    Leigh,
       My home, in western Massachusetts, about 2,000 feet above sea level, uses solar hot water to supply radiant heat, domestic hot water, and swimming pool heat.  The house built during 2008 uses evacuated tube solar hot water collectors, and some of the equipment is from the Stiebel Eltron warehouse which is a one hour drive from my home.  A ground source heat pump (Water Furnace brand) was added three years ago, as a second backup source of heat.  There are a couple of different types of evacuated tube solar hot water collectors.  We can discuss pros and cons of each type, and other factors to implement your heating system, if you contact me.

    Stu Besnoff

    Alpine Solar Heat and Hot Water, LLC

    Windsor, MA 01270

    stu@AlpineSolarHeat.com






  • 12.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Posted 01-03-2025 01:39 PM

    I am not sure what is meant by "Volt-gobbling forced-air heat pump".  I live in Northeast Ohio, and we have a similar climate to the Chicago area. My home was built in 1996, generally, with standard construction / insulation methods from that time. My windows are not the best and I could likely reduce my energy consumption if they were replaced.  Even so, I have a 15 year old hybrid Heat-pump/gas furnace and my utility costs are pretty low.  I install solar PV systems for all sorts of customers, including some that opt for battery backup, and some new-construction "net-zero" goal homes, working with a small builder that specializes in tight, energy-efficient all-electric homes.  I can easily offset my electric usage 100% if I were to reinstall solar PV on my home after I removed the original system for a roof replacement a few years ago, in conjunction with leveraging basic net-metering that we have in my area.

    The heat pumps installed in the energy-efficient homes where I have installed PV are generally the high-efficiency air-source heat pumps with whole house forced air handler, and sometimes coupled with separate mini-splits for certain rooms.

    In my experience, as long as you have sufficient roof or ground space, most if not all of the energy needed by a tight, energy efficient all-electric home that is outfitted with the high-efficiency heats pumps and mini-splits available today, can be offset with PV, in conjunction with net-metering.

    I have also installed PV systems at homes with a ground-source heat pump, although far less common due to the cost of the loops.

    Generally, PV for electric generation coupled with air or ground-sourced heat pumps is an excellent combination to result in low energy costs, as long as the building envelope has been addressed.  So heat pumps should not be thought of as volt or energy gobbling things, they should be thought of as part of the solution to reduce energy costs.

    Solar thermal systems that utilize flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors can also be part of the solution, but with the pumps, the fluid, the heat-exchanger, and the needed design expertise, etc, they add additional maintenance and potential failure points and other challenges that most home-owners are not really equipped to deal with. However, for someone willing to educate themselves and perform the hands on attention that may be needed for these systems, it can make sense for them.  As others have said, no one solution is suitable for all applications and there are many ways to skin the energy cat.

    I will likely need to replace my HVAC system soon as it is probably nearing the end of it's useful life, and I may choose one of these very high-efficiency forced air heat pump systems, or may continue withe the hybrid approach and keep natural gas as well. I still have to give it thought.



    ------------------------------
    Ken Nadsady
    AviSun Renewable Energy
    Hudson OH
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-07-2025 12:08 AM

    Yes, the "Volt-gobbling forced-air heat pump" is an interesting word choice. I suppose if I would try and entertain that emotional verbiage, I would say it all comes down to three letters. COP.



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-02-2025 11:00 AM
    Edited by william fitch 01-02-2025 12:58 PM

    WOW. This is an unusual path to seek. Solar Thermal assisting heat pumps is called SAHP (Solar Assisted heat Pump). I did this with my current Geothermal heating system back more than a decade ago. I have about 100sqft of flat plate collectors feeding heat down to a separate 500' loop which sits next to the main Geo loops. Boosts ground temps a few degs. The colder the ground gets the more the benefit of the solar heat. Increases COP of the pump. You used the phrase "Water furnace". There was a company called water furnace that did Geo thermal systems. Is that who you are referring to? They were back in the day.....

    Depending on the building and site, PV with a high efficiency HP is probably simpler and cheaper in the long run. There is a certain labor of love with solar thermal. It can be great when done right, especially SDHW. Space heating is quite a challenge though.

    The simple fact about solar thermal to remember is that heat can only be used as heat, practically speaking at a res level. Where as electricity can be used for anything. The irony is that however, using PV for heat (the reverse) is the most inefficient thing to do.

    I would definitely give this allot of thought up front...

    Good luck...



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-14-2025 05:27 PM
    Edited by Timothy Mcbride 01-14-2025 06:57 PM

    Bill, We have often envisioned that one day a super solar thermosyphon apparatus direct AI/PV assist would evolve made of some futuristic materials that will not melt or burst in a freeze, very compact, very easy to DIY install but can provide hot water to any home for many human lifetimes. We are doing experiments with Pex Serpentine configurations with advanced insulation absorbers/reflectors/magnifiers and other exotic materials. So far some pretty impressive operations. (  I.E  - A heater hose handles hot water, or more accurately, in some cases hot coolant, by being made from a specialized rubber or silicone material designed to withstand high temperatures, allowing it to safely transport the heated coolant from collector to the heater core, which then heats water/air through a exchanger inside your water tank, ductwork, RV, cabin, or tiny home. )

    We cite this paper for inspiration.

    Loop Thermosyphon Enhanced Solar Collector



    ------------------------------
    Timothy Mcbride
    CEOOwner
    Sol-Era R & D
    ------------------------------



  • 16.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-15-2025 07:48 AM
    Edited by william fitch 01-15-2025 07:48 AM

    Nothing new Tim. Nylon braded silicone temp independent hose highly flexible, has been around a long time. I use it myself in certain situations. Its just another tool in the box, no magic Bullet. Long duration use rate. Seasonal variation exists and most likely for a very long time. There's no magic. Reduce load as much as possible ESPECIALLY in new housing, then the required load shrinks in cost and materials. It pretty simple really.

    Otherwise its retro-fit nightmare the more change you want to make.



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-15-2025 09:32 AM
    Edited by Timothy Mcbride 01-15-2025 11:22 AM

     Retrofit Nightmare !  Indeed    Bill had to google that expression " Retrofit Nightmare " Just out of curiosity, and here is what the AI Google Bot stated about a Retrofit Nightmare. 

    A retrofit nightmare is a situation where a retrofit project goes wrong, causing problems for the people or buildings it affects. Retrofitting is the process of adding new or modified parts to something that was previously made. 
    Examples of retrofit nightmares
    Retrofitting without consultation: When a retrofit project is implemented without input from the people it affects, it can lead to uncertainty and debt. 
    Retrofitting that causes damp and mold: Poor ventilation and heating can cause damp and mold, which can be deadly. 
    Retrofitting that causes upgrades to go wrong: When upgrades to a building go wrong, it can lead to problems like damp and mold. 
    What is retrofitting?
    Retrofitting can improve the energy performance of a building. 
    Retrofitting can enhance old technology or features to increase efficiency and save money. 
    Retrofitting can add new engineering features to an older model machine. 
    Retrofitting can allow people to continue using older machinery equipment until a more modern model is available.

    Okay as for Temperature Rating of that High Temperature FDA Braided Silicone Hose. 

    -65°F to 350°F. Construction: White translucent FDA and NSF-51 silicone tube reinforced with braided polyester. Translucent silicone cover. Platinum cured

    Pretty Impressive.



    ------------------------------
    Timothy Mcbride
    CEOOwner
    Sol-Era R & D
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: Solar thermal for residential

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 01-15-2025 10:59 AM
    Edited by william fitch 01-15-2025 01:24 PM

    Its not an expression. It was two words I put together in the instant, coupled with the degree of concept that expressed a possible outcome. 

    Generally when I write a pair of words, I don't Google it to see if someone has tried to coin it, and have no desire to start the practice.

    There are many variations of the silicon tubing/hose, but the general pluses are about the same. If you want to even go higher on pressure, you switch to standard SS braided hydraulic tubing, etc...

    When I custom built my evacuated tube manifold pressure testing stand, I used a bit of hydraulic SS braided tubing for repeated attach/detach connections, secured with high strength SS band hose clamps doubled up. Needed temporary zero leak connections. Usually 160PSI was the hold point, but the tubing was rated over 1000PSI. Always worked well. 

    The below is a picture that was part of an awareness video about the SRCC lying about the pressure results from the pressure test they did on the above pictured uncovered SRCC tested evac manifold. I am using it here, because it actually is a pretty good shot of the testing station I custom built I was referring to above. Just ignore the models. This goes back to around 2009, when they stalled my certs for 3 years. You can see the short sections of black Hyd hose and clamps, and the pressure testing gauge right above.

    After SRCC claimed failure on pictured manifold. Models for click grab on SRCC lied about results.


    For those who have a morbid interest in this event, the first installment still exists at:

    https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9ekrh
    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------