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Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

  • 1.  Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 06-24-2024 08:00 AM

    Our June issue of Solar Today is an innovation showcase featuring important ideas in clean energy, including some from the U.S. federal government. It is now available for members through our online portal

    You can support Solar Today's empowering, thought-provoking media work by donating at http://ases.org/donate.

    Here is a preview of the table of contents:

    Solar Innovators Seek to Make an Impact
    Kat Friedrich, editor in chief of Solar Today at ASES

    How Solar Energy Can Help Tackle Industrial Emissions
    Matthew Bauer, program manager for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Office Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power (CSP) team
    Zach Pritchard, technology manager with the U.S. Department of Energy's Industrial Efficiency and Decarbonization Office

    NASA POWER Project Offers Communities Free Solar Data
    Paul Stackhouse, senior research scientist at the NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center
    Falguni Patadia, research physical scientist at the NASA Langley Research
    Center
    Zoe Waring, scientific and technical writer/editor for the NASA POWER Project team

    Decentralized Solar Can Help End Water and Food Insecurity
    Bob Freling, executive director of the Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF)

    Mathematical Optimization: A Powerful Tool for the Energy Industry
    Ed Klotz, senior mathematical optimization specialist at Gurobi Optimization
    Nell-Marie Colman, content director at Gurobi Optimization

    Pennsylvania Risks Missing out on the Solar Boom
    Aaron Nichols, writer at Exact Solar

    Highlights of Report: "Rebutting 33 False Claims About Solar, Wind, and Electric Vehicles"
    Matthew Eisenson, senior fellow at the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law
    Jacob Elkin, fellow at the Sabin Center

    12 Years of Net Zero Living
    Jim Riggins, retired fighter pilot and engineer at the United States Air Force

    Financing Solutions Make Solar Affordable for Homeowners
    Richard Hartung, freelance writer, startup advisor and nonprofit board
    member

    Empowering Multicultural Communities Through Solar Training
    Ellen Barlas, associate director of the Midwest Renewable Energy Association
    Kaitlyn Golke, communications coordinator for the Midwest Renewable Energy Association's training programs

    Obituary for Steve Sargent
    Chuck Kutscher, former chair of the ASES Board of Directors

    United States Solar Data Tables
    Emmanuel Iddio, National Solar Tour intern at ASES

    Celebrating Sustainable Living and Building Community
    Ella Nielsen, programs director at ASES

    Member Spotlight
    Nicole Maestas Olonovich, president of the New Mexico Solar Energy Society

    You are welcome to email comments about the magazine to Kat Friedrich at kfriedrich@ases.org.



    ------------------------------
    Kat Friedrich
    Editor in Chief
    American Solar Energy Society
    Monona WI
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-18-2024 01:32 PM

    If you are thinking about building a house, or doing a remodel, the article by Jim Riggins is a must read. I am still amazed at the performance of the house and the quality of the design. It is nearly 100% heated and cooled by ambient energy. A heat pump was installed, but has rarely been used. Hot water is provided almost entirely by solar thermal collectors. Such a good example of how to minimize electrical demand. This is important, because the utilities are burning fossil fuels on our behalf, even if we are net zero.



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-18-2024 04:04 PM

    Yes. His location in CO, 7000 feet clear sky country is what jealousy is made of. 250 sunny days to my 176!. HDD at around 4000-5000 and CDD near 1000. New construction and super insulated is the way to go. 

    I would disagree with his thinking of, replacing the evacs for SDHW with PV. The COP for solar thermal is always way more then 50, unmatched by PV or heat pumps. The heat wasted comes at no economic or environmental cost. From a resiliency perspective as well, SDHW is greater, for the energy to pump, if not direct DC panel or thermosyphon, is next to nothing and easy to re-config in disaster situations.

    The luxury of a new build. No constraints via existing structure. Yes, I am Jealous...lol....



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-18-2024 09:07 PM
    Edited by M Keith Sharp 07-21-2024 07:20 AM

    Agreed. With a heat pump water heater drawing heat from the house, the heat pump space heater would have to be used more. Solar thermal water heaters are better from an energy perspective than heat pump water heaters for all but a few of the hottest, southern locations, where the cooling in beneficial. See the NREL report below:

    K. Hudon, T. Merrigan, J. Burch, J. Maguire, Low-cost solar water heating research and development roadmap, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012. Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-54793 August, Low-Cost Solar Water Heating Research and Development Roadmap

    Osti remove preview
    Low-Cost Solar Water Heating Research and Development Roadmap
    The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information

    Updated link. 21Jul24



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-19-2024 05:31 PM
    Edited by william fitch 07-19-2024 05:32 PM

    I liked his earth pipe though. When I built my barn back in 2010ish, I put in earth tubes, 12 - 6" drain plastic pipe flexible in parallel, each was about 100' long, tot 1200 '. I never connected it though. It would be powered passively by the roof vent turbines and keep the upstairs of the barn cool enough to work in during Summer. Some day I will get a chance to finish the connections, hopefully....



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-20-2024 08:36 AM

    Interested to hear how it works. To passively pull heavy cool air up to the second floor, you need a tall stack of light hot air. It is a nice fluid statics problem!

    A good feature of earth tubes is that they can cool air in the summer and preheat it in the winter. Condensation can be an issue in the summer, as warm outside air gets more humid when it is cooled.

    Our house has a liquid earth tube that connects to a liquid-to-air heat exchanger inside the house. Condensation can occur on the heat exchanger, so there is a pan under it that has a drain line.



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-20-2024 09:10 AM
    The two roof vents in the summer are right above the hot air coming up from the 8' x 8' black collector plate behind the glazing. The rising air there is in the 120defF range depending. This gives the turbines extra motivation on top of the external wind that normally drives them. When the floor "hatch" is closed between the first and second floors, the draw from the turbines should be enough to allow cool air to come in through the 12 tubes. The total rise from entry point to where the cooled air enters the barn at floor level second floor is maybe 10-12'. Not that much. So there should be enough CFM even if only 50% of the CFM turbine output comes in through the tubes as opposed other air leak points.


    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-22-2024 10:30 AM

    Thanks, Keith for the article on low-cost solar water heating. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54793.pdf  It would be good to see an updated version of this research presented at SOLAR 2025. 



    ------------------------------
    Debbie Coleman
    (Architect & ASES Solar Buildings V-Chair)
    Sun Plans, Architect
    debra28@sunplans.com
    https://www.sunplans.com
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-22-2024 03:48 PM

    Thanks for your comments!
    Keith and Bill, I'll send Jim a comment via email about a potential correction and cc you.
    Best regards,
    Kat



    ------------------------------
    Kat Friedrich
    Editor in Chief
    American Solar Energy Society
    Monona WI
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-25-2024 01:24 PM

    In response to a question:

    Solar water heaters produce around 50 times more heat than the electricity used to power pumps and controllers. A heat pump water heater (HPWH) produces 2-3 times more heat than the electricity used to power its compressor, but about half of that heat is taken from the air surrounding the HPWH. If the HPWH is in the conditioned space, then the space heater (furnace, heat pump, etc.) must come on to replace that heat during the heating season. During the cooling season, the cooling effect of the HPWH is beneficial. Trouble is, only a few climates in the US have cooling loads larger than heating loads. In most US climates, the HPWH works against space heating more often than it benefits cooling. In general, solar water heaters are roughly ten times more efficient to start with.



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Posted 07-26-2024 03:31 PM
    Edited by David Hrivnak 07-26-2024 03:33 PM

    Sorry but having installed and lived with both I MUCH prefer a heat pump water heater over solar thermal.  And they are far less costly to install.  I am nearby in NE TN and there is a large part of the year where the roof plates are not hot enough to fully heat the water so you need a lot of supplemental heat to get the water hot enough.  So overall I saw an increase with power with thermal solar.  Then add in the system is 2-3X more expensive, it is not for me.  A heat pump water heater is very efficient and even in NE Tennessee, I find the cooling more of a benefit than a loss as summer cooling is now a higher load than winter cooling.



    ------------------------------
    David Hrivnak
    SalesEngineering
    EcoLogical part time
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-26-2024 05:28 PM
    Edited by william fitch 07-26-2024 05:31 PM

    If you are in the Knoxville TN area in general, you have about 3600HDD and 1200CDD with 204 sunny days/yr.

    As a comparison to me up in PA, 176 sunny days, about 4500 HDD and 1400CDD.

    Both data sets are means from 2020 through 2024 reflecting the upswing in temps.

    The trick with heating VS cooling is all energy used in the house works in your favor during the Winter and against you in the Summer. So a midpoint where you 1/2 heat and 1/2 cool is not the middle. A very rough estimate is about heating 2/3 for the HDD and 1/3 for CDD.

    Both myself and Knoxville fit into that rough estimate, though they are sunnier than me.

    I cannot say why Solar thermal did not work better for you. Too many variables in terms of what I don't know about the system's production/design VS your DHW loads. But given the greater sunny days TN has over PA, and frankly I "swim" in SDHW, family of 4, your results surprise me......



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-28-2024 07:57 AM

    Below is a link to a study that quantified the savings for a HPWH. The study was done in Canada, so the ratio of heating to cooling loads is greater than for southern US states. But it shows the hidden cost of HPWHs when they increase heating loads during the winter. Compared to a conventional electric water heater in a family home, the HPWH saves $791 for heating water and $81 for space cooling in the summer, but costs $487 in extra space heating during the winter. Overall, the savings are about half of that calculated from the more efficient heating of water alone.

    https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2017/11/ASHPWH_Tech-Brief2.pdf



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-29-2024 05:43 AM

    With our passive solar designs, we often place a HPWH in the below grade north side of walkout daylight basement. That area of a home can tolerate greater temperature swings and be acoustically isolated as well. We often specify a small return air duct with inline fan from high in the main living area down to that mechanical room so the homeowner can turn on as needed to pull extra heat from a sunny fall or winter day when the sun rays are typically entering below the overhangs on the south windows.   When there is not a basement, we can do similar strategies with HPWH in north mechanical spaces on the first floor. In both cases, often a louvered door to the room is needed. Typical Manual J HVAC code-required load calcs do not take into account passive solar gain so there can be more heat in the home in winter that the software recognizes.  
    I am hearing some discontent from builders with HPWH and will be following that over the next few months. GreenHome Institute plans to have a webinar about those issues in the fall. And Keith Sharp is scheduled to present with them also on the passive performance of buildings incorporating ambient energy sources. More on those later in the year!



    ------------------------------
    Debbie Coleman
    (Architect & ASES Solar Buildings V-Chair)
    Sun Plans, Architect
    debra28@sunplans.com
    https://www.sunplans.com
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Posted 07-29-2024 10:35 AM
    I am just an humble user of a HPWH, not an installer or engineer. I have 7.67 kW of solar on the roof (17 south facing panels, 4 west, and 4 east; I have winter shading issues) and 2x Tesla Powerwalls. I do not have roof space for solar thermal water heating. We generate about 10 MWh PV solar annually which is about 75% of our power consumption, including home charging of two EVs. The change to the HPWH has been a significant reduction in power consumption. My system (a 40 gallon Rheem, which is run in Heat Pump only mode) has used 419 kWh since being installed on October 5th, 2023. That's 1.4 kWh per day on average, with high consumption in the winter and lower in the summer. I live in a mild climate (Emerald Isle NC). My municipal water is from an elevated tank and the tap temperature changes greatly through the year (it's currently 78F). My HPWH is in an unventilated utility room (about 12 x 14) shared with a refrigerator and a wine cooler. The cool exhaust is a benefit. I am very pleased, and it works well for me.





  • 16.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Posted 07-29-2024 10:35 AM
    I have a little different take on what is the best way to generate cost effective domestic hot water.
    Solar thermal systems work well but have high initial installation costs and high potential for maintenance.
    Heat pumps work well in certain climates and locations.
    They show good performance when located in the garage of a house in a warm climate but can be an energy drain if located in a conditioned space during the winter in a heating climate.

    Many homes have or are planning to install a PV system, add an extra panel to the array and use a well insulated electric hot water tank on a timer set for daytime water heating.
    Super simple and low maintenance.
    It sure seems reasonable to just use electrons, less physical apparatus to deal with and maintain.


    Steve Kawell 
    Durango, CO. 81301
    970-769-3904

     





  • 17.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-29-2024 03:48 PM

    Occom's razor works on that idea, but, its all in how you verbally phrase the two options. One PV panel is not going to provide enough electrons to handle, lets say a family of 4, DHW load. A single 350W panel will yield about 420 or so KWH's a year. A typical DHW load for 4 will be about 2,200KWH's a year. So one panel will not even cover one person.

    AS far as extra insulation goes, you don't need PV for that savings, or electric water heater timers, depending on occupant schedules, can hep reduce load.

    So if you really want a PV offset, better use an extra 5 - 6 panels, room provided.

    Regarding resiliency, the more you integrate the less you have.

    Always choices.....



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-29-2024 04:30 PM

    All, one more post on HPWH from one of favorite organizations: Green Building Advisor

    https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/question/how-to-calculate-power-consumption-for-heat-pump-water-heater

    Their articles are extremely well researched and written, and their Q&A postings are well monitored and reviewed.  



    ------------------------------
    Debbie Coleman
    (Architect & ASES Solar Buildings V-Chair)
    Sun Plans, Architect
    debra28@sunplans.com
    https://www.sunplans.com
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-25-2024 03:17 PM

    Regarding additional detail, as Keith noted, 50 fold or as high as 100 is a COP that SDHW can hit. You can also in some situations (Usually the exception) set it up as a ThermoSiphon which uses temp diff to power the solar heating loop, with help from a back flow valve at night, to cut night time loss. But for this to work, the storage must be HIGHER than the collector, which is NOT usually the case. In short the energy to capture thousands or millions of BTU's is next to nothing, or in the TS case, nothing at all.

    Regarding resiliency, any inverter powered system that fails in an "EVENT" is probably screwed. So you must have a backup on "the shelf" to swap out and continue business as usual. However a straight PV panel to DC pump SDHW system is mostly indestructible. And if it breaks and you have mechanical skill, you can usually fix it or configure a work around pretty easily. A much better chance of getting in business again, so more resilient.



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 20.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Posted 07-26-2024 10:30 AM

    OR YOU COULD SIMPLY VENT THE UNIT OUTDOORS THROUGH THE SILL PLATE DURING COLD WEATHER LIKE I DO!!!  NO NEED FOR "MAKEUP" HEAT THEN!


    Virus-free.www.avg.com





  • 21.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-26-2024 06:57 PM

    Joe,

    Are you also ducting supply air for the HPWH from outside? If not, then it's not balanced. It's pulling cold air into the house through cracks around windows, doors, etc. in order to have air to blow out through the sill plate. You need extra energy to heat that cold air.



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Posted 07-26-2024 07:57 PM

    My Home is super tight. Foamed everywhere. Blower door test showed LESS THAN 1 AIR TURN PER HOUR. Apparently that's more than enough to satisfy the hot water heater. It's been running GREAT for 7 years now with no issues whatsoever. Only uses 400 watts running in heat pump only mode. What you say may be absolutely correct, but since it works, is reliable and has no issues, I'm not going to worry about it!! We're also off grid with our ALL ELECTRIC home. I have solar thermal in floor radiant heat as well. Ac and backup heat is via mini splits  (4).  And I only vent outside for about 3 months down here in the NW corner of SC. (Lake Keowee)

     

    Joe

     






  • 23.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-27-2024 04:09 AM

    400W is only 1364 BTU's per hour. If the water heater is 50 gal, that's 420 pounds. 400W would give you a water temp rise of 3.25 degF per hour. To get to 110 deg F from lets say 55 degf, that's ~17 hours run time. I am guessing your DHW load is very low, and/or the resistance elements kick in allot....



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Posted 07-27-2024 04:40 AM

    William, I think you forgot to include the Heat Pump efficiency of about 400%.  Yes 400W of resistance heating would give 1364 BTU/hour.  But a Heat Pump gives about 5,500BTU/hour.  So run time should only be 4 hours not 17.  

    PS My home is well insulated and passive solar so that could be a reason our heating loads are far less than average.  



    ------------------------------
    David Hrivnak
    SalesEngineering
    EcoLogical part time
    ------------------------------



  • 25.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    Silver
    Contributor
    Posted 07-27-2024 10:55 AM

    That comment was actually met for Joe, but the thread structure on this site can be sometimes challenging. But since you responded, yes true, the 400W or 1320BTU's would be what he would use per hour run time. The COP of his HPWH will depend on the ground water temp and the environment temp. 4 is optimistic, 3 probably more average. My general point is that any number of "hours" just to heat up one tank use of DHW is quite a long time. As example a regular 4500/4500 electric 240vac water heater, using only one element would take 1.5 hours. Again, not using quick recovery, otherwise 45 minutes while both were running. 4 to 6 hours at 4 or 3 COP is quite a long run for a water heater. You would have to know the exact temps and time auto set, when the resistance elements would kick in, to get an accurate whole energy picture.

    I am sorry your solar thermal did not do better for you. When a system is designed really well, you are basically swimming in hot water, at 5000-10,000% efficiency, if you wish (50-100 COP). Solar thermal is what I do, basically, so I don't like to hear "stories" like that.... I feel bad when I hear them....



    ------------------------------
    william fitch
    Owner
    www.WeAreSolar.com
    ------------------------------



  • 26.  RE: Read our innovation-showcase issue of Solar Today

    ASES Life Member
    Posted 07-26-2024 07:26 PM

    Right, there are a number of reasons why a solar hot water system might not work as well as it should. Poor insulation is one. All the piping, heat exchangers, etc., need to be insulated well. Missing check valves is another issue, which can cause a loss of heat during the night almost as large as the gains during the day. Low flow rate tends to be better than high flow rate. It makes the controller more stable and promotes stratification in the tank. Collector slope around latitude plus 15 degrees levels seasonal gains. The lower slopes of common roof pitches tends to cause too much heat during summer and too little during winter. Imbalanced manifolding can be a problem even for just a few collectors. Single tank systems are more efficient than dual tank. Showers (and other hot water use) in the evening make better use of the heat than showers in the morning.

    Years ago, I was part of a Reliability Assessment Team (we call it the "RAT patrol" ;^) ) that inspected solar hot water systems across the country. We saw a wide variety of systems, good and bad.



    ------------------------------
    M Keith Sharp
    Emeritus Professor
    Louisville KY
    ------------------------------